Smart House, Basic Scheme

Smart house is cheap and hearty, part 2

In every smart house, there's a legitimate question - how a small, soft micro controller with five volts can switch 220 volts of AC?

The simplest option is relay. There's a galvanic leash on you, and you're going to do whatever you want, even if it's a constant variable, little, a lot. But the minus is very unpleasant.

The first one is clicking. Distributing. Yeah, man's a thing like that, and you can get used to it, but why get used to bad things?

The second is, by switching a large flow, at the time of switching, and also with long wires from the relay to the switched device, a very large interference. Agree when you turn the light on the toilet at night and the computer and the lights in the bedroom are unpleasant.

So I'd like to share with you the best, in my view, way of computing the 220 volts of AC, a semiconductive AC key.
There's already been a great theoretical article on this subject on Habre, detailing the symistor and optopara.

I'll try to tell you how I did it.
So the symistor himself is the key to the variable current. But in order to control the micro controller's leg, the galvanic bandage is mandatory. By directing the symist directly, the controller may die. Really can. I was dying. There have been dozens of AVRs that have been killed in various ways, but this topic is worth a separate post. To make a galvanic connection, use MOC3063 optopara.

Using it, we'll kill two birds, because it's with a zero-to-resistant switch-over, that is, symstor will open only at the time of transition, and the voltage will grow smoothly, which will not only remove the interference, but also extend life, for example, lamps (which are most likely to die at the time of inclusion).

Principle chart:
Divorce:
Question: